![]() “Apollo dramatically accelerated the computer revolution,” said Fishman, “dramatically accelerated both the quality of the chips and their acceptability.” The progress in chip size and power was so rapid that by the time the Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969, the chips used to get it there were already outdated on Earth. “Those tests, which were necessary for a spacecraft, also turned out to be very useful for what eventually became consumer products,” said Ceruzzi. ![]() If one chip out of a thousand chip batch didn’t pass any test, all one thousand were thrown out. The chips were rigorously tested for coping with G-forces, vacuum, and radiation. The navigation system using these chips was the only thing keeping Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and Michael Collins (he stayed in orbit around the moon in the command module, Columbia while Aldrin and Armstrong descended to the surface) from being flung into the endless void of space. “Using chips in such a high profile, life-critical situation for such a brand-new technology was an enormous boost to the credibility of this technology,” said David Mindell, professor at MIT. ![]() NASA’s business was a major boost to Fairchild, whose chips Ceruzzi said are the basis of what we use today. Fairchild Semiconductors and Texas Instruments had both developed what were known as integrated circuits, or computer chips. “The contract to develop those chips was important to get what later became known as Silicon Valley a jump start,” said Paul Ceruzzi, curator emeritus at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. Those computer chips were designed in what - by the end of the Sixties - would be called Silicon Valley. 1 customer in the world for computer chips four years running, and not in a trivial way. “This Apollo flight computer turned out to be the No. And Fishman said this made NASA the first major customer for a brand-new invention - the computer chip. So NASA hired MIT to build the smallest, fastest computer ever created. “The smallest computers were the size of three or four refrigerators lined up together.” “When Kennedy said ‘let’s go to the moon,’ there was no computer in the world small enough and powerful enough to fly a spaceship to the moon,” said Charles Fishman, author of One Giant Leap, The Impossible Mission that Flew Us to the Moon. The only way to do these kinds of real time navigational calculations was with a computer. The spacecraft had to go from a top speed of around 25,000 miles per hour, to just 2,000 miles per hour orbiting the moon. And then it had to split in two, sending down a landing module called the Eagle that would make the most gentle stop on the moon’s surface. In fact, the mission to put a man on the moon was deeply tied to the birth of Silicon Valley.Īs the Apollo 11 traveled 238,900 miles through the vacuum of space 50 years ago, it had to chart a carefully calculated orbit. But its legacy can be seen in technologies found throughout the economy and private sector half a century later. ![]() Kennedy, a goal born out of the Cold War. The project to send them there was the brainchild of President John F. Interested in learning more? Sign up for a Graduate Entry overview session.On July 20, 1969, the first humans set foot on the moon. Nurse Practitioner in a variety of different specialties.įor more information please visit the College of Nursing website. ![]() Graduates of the program are eligible for certification as a: The Graduate Entry option provides an opportunity for students with a baccalaureate degree in a major other than nursing, and who are not already licensed as a Registered Nurse, to earn a Master of Science in nursing. Our students have access to exceptional faculty and research facilities and the support services of a large university, while benefiting from the high degree of personal attention and student interaction usually found in much smaller departments. Several options are available which give students a solid background in the theory and foundations of nursing, and expose them to the latest technology and ideas in nursing.īy entering our graduate program, you will become a part of one of the nation’s premier research universities. The Master of Science degree program in nursing provides a broad clinical and classroom-based education with a strong emphasis on patient-centered practice. ![]()
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